Welcome !!!. In this section we are providing you some frequently asked PHP Interview Questions which will help you to win interview session easily. Candidates must read this section,Then by heart the questions and answers.
Also, review sample answers and advice on how to answer these typical
interview questions. PHP is an important part of the web world, and
every web developer should have the basic knowledge in PHP.Common PHP interview questions,
which should help you become a best PHP codder. We hope you find these
questions useful. If you are an interviewer, Take the time to read the
common interview questions you will most likely be asked.
- What is PHP? PHP is a server side scripting language commonly used for web
applications. PHP has many frameworks and cms for creating websites.Even
a non technical person can cretae sites using its
CMS.WordPress,osCommerce are the famus CMS of php.It is also an object
oriented programming language like java,C-sharp etc.It is very eazy for
learning
- What is the use of "echo" in php?
It is used to print a data in the webpage, Example: <?php echo
'Car insurance'; ?> , The following code print the text in the
webpage
- How to include a file to a php page?
We can include a file using "include() " or "require()" function with file path as its parameter.
- What's the difference between include and require? If the file is not found by require(), it will cause a fatal error
and halt the execution of the script. If the file is not found by
include(), a warning will be issued, but execution will continue.
- require_once(), require(), include().What is difference between them?
require() includes and evaluates a specific file, while
require_once() does that only if it has not been included before (on the
same page). So, require_once() is recommended to use when you want to
include a file where you have a lot of functions for example. This way
you make sure you don't include the file more times and you will not get
the "function re-declared" error.
- Differences between GET and POST methods ?
We can send 1024 bytes using GET method but POST method can
transfer large amount of data and POST is the secure method than GET
method .
- How to declare an array in php?
Eg : var $arr = array('apple', 'grape', 'lemon');
- What is the use of 'print' in php?
This is not actually a real function, It is a language construct. So you can use with out parentheses with its argument list.
Example print('PHP Interview questions');
print 'Job Interview ');
- What is use of in_array() function in php ?
in_array used to checks if a value exists in an array
- What is use of count() function in php ?
count() is used to count all elements in an array, or something in an object
- What's the difference between include and require?
It's how they handle failures. If the file is not found by
require(), it will cause a fatal error and halt the execution of the
script. If the file is not found by include(), a warning will be issued,
but execution will continue.
- What is the difference between Session and Cookie? The main difference between sessions and cookies is that sessions
are stored on the server, and cookies are stored on the user's computers
in the text file format.
Cookies can't hold multiple variable while session can hold
multiple variables..We can set expiry for a cookie,The session only
remains active as long as the browser is open.Users do not have access
to the data you stored in Session,Since it is stored in the
server.Session is mainly used for login/logout purpose while cookies
using for user activity tracking
- How to set cookies in PHP?Setcookie("sample", "ram", time()+3600);
- How to Retrieve a Cookie Value? eg : echo $_COOKIE["user"];
- How to create a session? How to set a value in session ? How to Remove data from a session?
Create session : session_start();
Set value into session : $_SESSION['USER_ID']=1;
Remove data from a session : unset($_SESSION['USER_ID'];.
- what types of loops exist in php?for,while,do while and foreach (NB: You should learn its usage)
-
Note:-
MySQLi (the "i" stands for improved) and PDO (PHP Data Objects) are the MySQL extensions used to connect to the MySQL server in PHP5 or verions, MySQL extension was deprecated in 2012.
MySQLi only works with MySQL databases whereas PDO will works with 12 other Database systems
I recommend PDO because, if you want to choose another database instead of MySQL, then you only have to change the connection string and a few queries. But if you are using MySQLi you will need to rewrite the entire code
- How to create a mysql connection?
Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=myDB", $username, $password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception $conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
echo "Connected successfully";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>Example (MySQLi Object-Oriented)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB"; // Optional
// Create connection$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>Example (MySQLi Procedural)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB"; // Optional
// Create connection $conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?> - How to execute an sql query? How to fetch its result ?
Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";
$result = $conn->query($sql); // execute sql query
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) { // fetch data from the result set
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " . $row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
Example (MySQLi Procedural)
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql); // execute sql query
if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) { // fetch data from the result set
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " . $row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
Example (PDO)
Method 1:USE PDO query method
$stmt = $db->query('SELECT id FROM Employee'); $row_count = $stmt->rowCount(); echo $row_count.' rows selected';
Method 2: Statements With Parameters
$stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT id FROM Employee WHERE name=?"); $stmt->execute(array($name)); $rows = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); - Write a program using while loop
<?php
$x = 1;
while($x <= 5) {
echo "The number is: $x <br>";
$x++;
}
?> - How we can retrieve the data in the result set of MySQL using PHP?
MySQLi methods
- 1. mysqli_fetch_row
- 2. mysqli_fetch_array
- 3. mysqli_fetch_object
- 4. mysqli_fetch_assoc
PDO methods
- 1. PDOStatement::fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
- 2. PDOStatement::fetch(PDO::FETCH_OBJ)
- 3. PDOStatement::fetch()
- 4. PDOStatement::fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM).
- What is the use of explode() function ?
Syntax : array explode ( string $delimiter , string $string [, int $limit ] );
This function breaks a string into an array. Each of the array elements is a substring of string formed by splitting it on boundaries formed by the string delimiter.
- What is the difference between explode() and str_split() functions?
str_split function splits string into array by regular expression. Explode splits a string into array by string.
- What is the use of mysql_real_escape_string() function?
It is used to escapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL statement
- Write down the code for save an uploaded file in php.
<?php
if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] == 0)
{
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"],
"upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"]);
echo "Stored in: " . "upload/" . $_FILES["file"]["name"];
}
?> - How to create a text file in php?
<?php
$filename = "/home/user/guest/newfile.txt";
$file = fopen( $filename, "w" );
if( $file == false )
{
echo ( "Error in opening new file" ); exit();
}
fwrite( $file, "This is a simple test\n" );
fclose( $file );
?> - How to strip whitespace (or other characters) from the beginning and end of a string ?
The trim() function removes whitespaces or other predefined characters from both sides of a string.
- What is the use of header() function in php ?The header() function sends a raw HTTP header to a client browser.Remember that this function must be called before sending the actual out put.For example, You do not print any HTML element before using this function.
- How to redirect a page in php?The following code can be used for it, header("Location:index.php");
- How stop the execution of a php scrip ?exit() function is used to stop the execution of a page
- How to set a page as a home page in a php based site ?index.php is the default name of the home page in php based sites
- How to find the length of a string?strlen() function used to find the length of a string
- what is the use of rand() in php?It is used to generate random numbers.If called without the arguments it returns a pseudo-random integer between 0 and getrandmax(). If you want a random number between 6 and 12 (inclusive), for example, use rand(6, 12).This function does not generate cryptographically safe values, and should not be used for cryptographic uses. If you want a cryptographically secure value, consider using openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() instead.
- what is the use of isset() in php?This function is used to determine if a variable is set and is not NULL
- What is the difference between mysql_fetch_array() and mysql_fetch_assoc() ?
mysql_fetch_assoc function Fetch a result row as an associative array, While mysql_fetch_array() fetches an associative array, a numeric array, or both
- What is mean by an associative array?Associative arrays are arrays that use string keys is called associative arrays.
- What is the importance of "method" attribute in a html form?"method" attribute determines how to send the form-data into the server.There are two methods, get and post. The default method is get.This sends the form information by appending it on the URL.Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has no limits on the amount of information to send.
- What is the importance of "action" attribute in a html form?The action attribute determines where to send the form-data in the form submission.
- What is the use of "enctype" attribute in a html form? The enctype attribute determines how the form-data should be
encoded when submitting it to the server. We need to set enctype as "multipart/form-data" when we are using a form for uploading files
- How to create an array of a group of items inside an HTML form ?
We can create input fields with same name for "name" attribute
with squire bracket at the end of the name of the name attribute, It
passes data as an array to PHP.
For instance :
<input name="animal[]" id="cat" />
<input name="animal[]" id="rat" />
<input name="animal[]" id="lion" />
<input name="animal[]" id="snake" /> - Define Object-Oriented Methodology
Object orientation is a software programming methodology that is
based on the modeling a real world system.An object is the core concept
involved in the object orientation. An object is the copy of the real
world enity.An object oriented model is a collection of objects and its
inter-relationships
- How do you define a constant?
Using define() directive, like define ("MYCONSTANT",150)
- How send email using php? To send email using PHP, you use the mail() function.This mail()
function accepts 5 parameters as follows (the last 2 are optional).
You need webserver, you can't send email from localhost.
eg :
<?phpmcrypt_encrypt :- string mcrypt_encrypt ( string $cipher , string $key , string $data , string $mode [, string $iv ] );
mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers);
?>
Encrypts plaintext with given parameters - How to find current date and time?
The date() function provides you with a means of retrieving the
current date and time, applying the format integer parameters indicated
in your script to the timestamp provided or the current local time if no
timestamp is given. In simplified terms, passing a time parameter is
optional - if you don't, the current timestamp will be used.
- Difference between mysql_connect and mysql_pconnect?
There is a good page in the php manual on the subject, in short
mysql_pconnect() makes a persistent connection to the database which
means a SQL link that do not close when the execution of your script
ends. mysql_connect()provides only for the databasenewconnection while
using mysql_pconnect , the function would first try to find a
(persistent) link that's already open with the same host, username and
password. If one is found, an identifier for it will be returned instead
of opening a new connection... the connection to the SQL server will
not be closed when the execution of the script ends. Instead, the link
will remain open for future use.
- What is the use of "ksort" in php?
It is used for sort an array by key in reverse order.
- What is the difference between $var and $$var?
They are both variables. But $var is a variable with a fixed name.
$$var is a variable who's name is stored in $var. For example, if $var
contains "message", $$var is the same as $message.
- What are the encryption techniques in PHP
MD5 PHP implements the MD5 hash algorithm using the md5 function,
<?php
$encrypted_text = md5 ($msg);
?> - What is the use of the function htmlentities?
htmlentities Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities
This function is identical to htmlspecialchars() in all ways,
except with htmlentities(), all characters which have HTML character
entity equivalents are translated into these entities.
- How to delete a file from the system
Unlink() deletes the given file from the file system.
- How to get the value of current session id?
session_id() function returns the session id for the current session.
- What are the differences between mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_object(), mysql_fetch_row()?
- Mysql_fetch_array Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or both.
- mysql_fetch_object ( resource result ) Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row and moves the internal data pointer ahead. Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row, or FALSE if there are no more rows
- mysql_fetch_row() fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0.
- What are the different types of errors in PHP ?
Here are three basic types of runtime errors in PHP:
- 1. Notices: These are trivial, non-critical errors that PHP encounters while executing a script - for example, accessing a variable that has not yet been defined. By default, such errors are not displayed to the user at all - although you can change this default behavior.
- 2. Warnings: These are more serious errors - for example, attempting to include() a file which does not exist. By default, these errors are displayed to the user, but they do not result in script termination.
- 3. Fatal errors: These are critical errors - for example, instantiating an object of a non-existent class, or calling a non-existent function. These errors cause the immediate termination of the script, and PHP's default behavior is to display them to the user when they take place.
- what is sql injection ?
SQL injection is a malicious code injection technique.It exploiting SQL vulnerabilities in Web applications
- What is x+ mode in fopen() used for?
Read/Write. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists
- How to find the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string
strpos() is used to find the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string
. - What is PEAR?
PEAR is a framework and distribution system for reusable PHP
components.The project seeks to provide a structured library of code,
maintain a system for distributing code and for managing code packages,
and promote a standard coding style.PEAR is broken into three classes:
PEAR Core Components, PEAR Packages, and PECL Packages. The Core
Components include the base classes of PEAR and PEAR_Error, along with
database, HTTP, logging, and e-mailing functions. The PEAR Packages
include functionality providing for authentication, networking, and file
system features, as well as tools for working with XML and HTML
templates.
- Distinguish between urlencode and urldecode?
This method is best when encode a string to used in a query part of a url.
it returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_. have replece with a percentege(%) sign .
the urldecode->Decodes url to encode string
as any %and other symbole are decode by the use of the urldecode() function.
- What are the different errors in PHP?
In PHP, there are three types of runtime errors, they are:
Warnings:
These are important errors. Example: When we try to include () file which is not available. These errors are showed to the user by default but they will not result in ending the script.
Notices:
These errors are non-critical and trivial errors that come across while executing the script in PHP. Example: trying to gain access the variable which is not defined. These errors are not showed to the users by default even if the default behavior is changed.
Fatal errors:
These are critical errors. Example: instantiating an object of a class which does not exist or a non-existent function is called. These errors results in termination of the script immediately and default behavior of PHP is shown to them when they take place. Twelve different error types are used to represent these variations internally.
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